NEW- ALLERGEN MATTERS – ATOPICS as greater risk for… BOP… Lanolin

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Cocamidopropyl betaine, Amerchol L-101 {lanolin} and many of the Fragrances are only available for testing with comprehensive patch testing.  Propylene glycol and MI also ones that can be frequently missed, because they are not specifically tested.  P.E.A.S – pre-emptive [allergen] avoidance strategy highlights this top allergens and Simple and Free highlights products devoid of them…

“Lubbes S1, Rustemeyer T2, Sillevis Smitt JH1, Schuttelaar MA3, Middelkamp-Hup MA1.    Contact sensitization in Dutch children and adolescents with and without atopic dermatitis - a retrospective analysis.     Contact Dermatitis. 2016 Nov 11. doi: 10.1111/cod.12711.
BACKGROUND:
Allergic contact dermatitis is known to occur in children with and without atopic dermatitis, but more data are needed on contact sensitization profiles in these two groups.
OBJECTIVES:
To identify frequent allergens in children with and without atopic dermatitis suspected of having allergic contact dermatitis.

METHODS:
A retrospective analysis of children aged 0-17 years patch tested between 1996 and 2013 was performed.

RESULTS:
Of all 1012 children tested because of suspected contact dermatitis, 46% developed one or more positive reactions, the proportions for children with (n = 526) and without (n = 395) atopic dermatitis being 48% and 47%, respectively. Children with atopic dermatitis reacted more often to lanolin alcohols (30% pet., p = 0.030), Amerchol L-101 (p = 0.030), and fragrances [fragrance mix I (p = 0.048) and Myroxylon pereirae {BOP} (p = 0.005)].   Allergens outside the European baseline series that frequently gave positive reactions in these groups included cocamidopropyl betaine and Amerchol L-101. Reactivity to these allergens was significantly more frequently found in atopic dermatitis children.

CONCLUSION:
Sensitization prevalences in children with and without atopic dermatitis were similar, but children with atopic dermatitis reacted significantly more often to lanolin alcohols and fragrances. Testing with additional series besides the European baseline series may be necessary, as reactions to, for example, cocamidopropyl betaine and Amerchol L-101 may otherwise be missed.”

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27861990

Contact allergens induce long lasting local skin memory and global immunologic memory

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‘[Contact allergens induce a strong, long-lasting local memory and a weaker, temporary global immunological memory response that is mediated skin-resident memory cells.]’

Schmidt JD1,2, Ahlström MG2, Johansen JD2, Dyring-Andersen B1,2, Agerbeck C1, Nielsen MM1, Poulsen SS3, Woetmann A1, Ødum N1, Thomsen AR1, Geisler C1, Bonefeld CM1.     Rapid allergen-induced interleukin-17 and interferon-γ secretion by skin-resident memory CD8+ T cells.     Contact Dermatitis. 2016 Nov 22. doi: 10.1111/cod.12715. [Epub ahead of print]

BACKGROUND:
Skin-resident memory T (TRM ) cells are associated with immunological memory in the skin. Whether immunological memory responses to allergens in the skin are solely localized to previously allergen-exposed sites or are present globally in the skin is not clear. Furthermore, the mechanisms whereby TRM cells induce rapid recall responses need further investigation.
OBJECTIVES:
To study whether contact allergens induce local and/or global memory, and to determine the mechanisms involved in memory responses in the skin.

METHODS:
To address these questions, we analysed responses to contact allergens in mice and humans sensitized to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene and nickel, respectively.

RESULTS:
Challenge responses in both mice and humans were dramatically increased at sites previously exposed to allergens as compared with previously unexposed sites. Importantly, the magnitude of the challenge response correlated with the epidermal accumulation of interleukin (IL)-17A-producing and interferon (IFN)-γ-producing TRM cells. Moreover, IL-17A and IFN-γ enhanced allergen-induced IL-1β production in keratinocytes.

CONCLUSIONS:
We show that sensitization with contact allergens induces a strong, long-lasting local memory and a weaker, temporary global immunological memory response to the allergen that is mediated by IL-17A-producing and IFN-γ-producing CD8+ TRM cells.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27873334

nickel release with cooking/boiling time higher with unused pots, at low pH…

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Guarneri F1, Costa C2, Cannavò SP3, Catania S4, Bua GD4, Fenga C2, Dugo G4.     Release of nickel and chromium in common foods during cooking in 18/10 (grade 316) stainless steel pots.     Contact Dermatitis. 2016 Nov 1. doi: 10.1111/cod.12692. [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Literature data on the release of nickel and chromium from stainless steel cookware during food preparation are contrasting, have often been obtained with uncommon foods and/or procedures, and are thus not widely applicable.
OBJECTIVES:
To assess the release of nickel and chromium from 18/10 (grade 316) stainless steel pots in cooking conditions that are common in an urban lifestyle.
METHODS:
Tomato sauce and lemon marmalade were cooked for 1 h, alone or with added EDTA, in used or unused stainless steel pots from different manufacturers. Additionally, aqueous solutions at pH 2.3, 7.7 and 9 were boiled for 1 h in the same pots. Metal release was assessed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
RESULTS:
The release of nickel and chromium increased with cooking/boiling time, was higher with unused pots, at low pH or with EDTA, and was sometimes remarkably different between manufacturers. In all experiments, the amounts released were below known allergy-triggering thresholds.
CONCLUSIONS:
Under common conditions, the use of 18/10 stainless steel pots is considered to be safe for the majority of nickel-allergic and/or chromium-allergic subjects. However, the total amount of nickel contained in foods and released from pots may exceed the individual threshold for triggering allergy, potentially causing problems for highly sensitive patients, or, conversely, contribute to induction of immunotolerance by oral low-dose exposure.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27804135